Clue: Stripped (off)
We have 1 answer for the clue Stripped (off). See the results below.
Possible Answers:
Related Clues:
- Like watchful eyes
- Like apples in pies
- Skinless
- Removed the rind from
- Like mangos and bananas
- Burned rubber, with "out"
- Skinned, as potatoes
- Prepared, as potatoes
- Took off
- Skinned, as a potato
Last Seen In:
- LA Times - December 04, 2008
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